Depends on the diaphragm material, but 9 times out of 10, yes bleach will destroy these pump heads. Also, it will vary with your concentration of bleach. Try not to leave the system pressurized either.
For my pressure washer setup I will never run any detergent or bleach through my high pressure pump. The damn thing costs over $1000 to replace and the 3 seals are $100 each time I have to replace them. Instead I spray my detergent using a 2.2gpm 12v on demand pump that I get from Northern Tool. These are also not supposed to run bleach through, so it will void the warranty immeadiately, but the whole pump is $80 if you get the one with quick connect ports. https://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200578568_200578568
I use the one with the quick connect ports so that in the event the diaphragm in the head fails, I can do a quick swap for another pump head without messing too much to unthread the hoses and dismount the motor. That all stays in place and I put one of these on: https://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200587334_200587334
They are only $30.
I dilute the 2 gallons of bleach to a 24:1 ratio and it is still effective to clean without doing any damage to the glass as long as it is not allowed to dry on hot panes. This dilution allows me to run a pump head for about 5-6 months before it starts to fail.